Protection from Directory Damage

Is Scandisk sufficient to check for and fix directory damage?

On other operating systems I've worked with (notably Macintosh), there is a utility available that regularly rebuilds the directory structure to ensure that problems are fixed before they mushroom into directory damage. It also rescues data if it does find damage. Is there something similar for Windows? (I don't even know if "rebuilding the directory" is something that applies to Windows.)

Thanks for your insight.

P.S. If Scandisk does indicate that it can't fix something, does it tell you how to go about rescuing your files?