I realize that this is an old thread but I was looking for a solution to this problem and resolved it a little differently.

I saw the shortcut icon which reminded me that this was just a link to an actual program residing elsewhere. I right clicked the generic shortcut icon and chose "Open File Location". This took me directly to the Chrome.exe file which had the "chrome ball" logo intact. I right clicked chrome.exe and selected "Send To Desktop" which made a shortcut with the correct icon. I then deleted the generic one.